Page 42 - COSMOS & H -Health - Science
P. 42

a
                                                                           o
                                                               x
                                         c
                     r
     However, from a scientific perspective, exploration of the
                                                                                    h
                                                                                      e
                                                                               o
                r
                                           p
                                                        v
                                   n
         w
                                                              e
             v
       o
                                                          e
                                                                       a
                              s
                                                                             n
                               c
                      o
                                                                    o
                                                  p
                                             e
           e
                        m
               e
                                               r
                                                   e
                                                s
                                                                 p
                                  e
                                                     c
                                                                      r
    However, from a scientific perspective, exploration of the
    H H o w e v e r , ,     f f r o m     a     s c i i e n t t i i f f i i c     p e r s p e c t t i i v e , ,     e x p l l o r a t t i i o n     o f f     t t h e
                                                                    e
                                                  u
       u
                                                                             q
                                                              a
              e
                  e
                                                                                       m
                                     o
    m m u l l t t i i v e r s e     r e a l l l l y     d i i d     n o t t     b e g i i n     u n t t i i l l     t t h e     a d v e n t t     o f f     q u a n t t u m
    multiverse really did not begin until the advent of quantum
                                   n
                                 d
                     r
                                                          h
                                                                d
                                                                               u
                                                                      n
     multiverse really did not begin until the advent of quantum
                           y
                                                                         o
            v
                                            g
                                                                                      u
                                                                                 a
                                                                                   n
               r
                              d
                        a
                                                    n
                      e
                                         b
                                           e
                                               n
                                                            e
                                                                  v
                 s
                                 g
                                                             r
          h
                       o
                                                                          2
                                                                  n
                         s
                          m
         c
                               o
                     c
                             o
            a
                                                              y
                                                                            0
                                                r
                                          d
                                                                     h
                                                  n
              n
     mechanics, cosmology, and string theory in the 20th
                 c
                                                       h
                                         n
                                                                       e
                                       a
                                                         e
                                                    g
       e
                  s
    m m e c h a n i i c s , ,     c o s m o l l o g y , ,     a n d     s t t r i i n g     t t h e o r y     i i n     t t h e     2 0 t t h
    mechanics, cosmology, and string theory in the 20th
                                   y
                                             s
                                                           o
                                                                               h
           u
    c c e n t t u r y . .
     century.
    century.
              y
      e
        n
            r
                                                                      a
                       l
                t
                  u
                       l
                                                                    n
                   n
                    n
                                                t
               '
                                                                  o
                      i
                      t
                     t
                                                                  o


                t
                                                                      a
                       i
                 u
                                                                    n
                                                  h
                                       g
                                                         i
                                                          i

                                                       e

                                        g
                                                i
                                    o
                                    o
                                                           n
                                      u
                                     u
                                                          n
                                         h
                                                    t
                                             w
                                                     h
                                             w


                                                    t
                                           ,
                                                       e
                                          h
                                                      h


                                           ,
                                                                t
                          9
                                                                t
                            8
                              1
                                                              a
                            8


                                                                 i
                                                                 i
                          9
                         1
                         1
                              1
                                 t
                                                             l
                                 t
                                  h
                                                            f
                                                             f
                                  h
                               ,
                                                              a
                               ,
                                                i

                                                              l


             n
                                                                         y

          a
          a
            s
             n
     t
                                                                        r
                                                 t
                                                                        r
                                                                         y
                                                 h
    It wasn't until 1981, though, with the inflationary
       w
     t
    I I It wasn't until 1981, though, with the inflationary
               '
            s
       w
         d
                                                                u
     model of the universe by physicist Alan Guth, that
                                       y
                                                                   h
                   h
                               r
                                                              G
                     e
                                                         a
                                                   s
                         n
                                                           n
                                               s
                                  e
              o
                       u
                            v
    m m o d e l l     o f f     t t h e     u n i i v e r s e     b y     p h y s i i c i i s t t     A l l a n     G u t t h , ,     t t h a t t
                                     b
                                                                          a
                                           h
       o
                                             y
                                 s
           e
                                                                        h
                                                 c
                                         p
                                                      A
                              e
    model of the universe by physicist Alan Guth, that
                                                                             f
                                                                o
                           r
                           r

                                                       e
           y
                                          t
                                          t
                                                 l

     today's multiverse concept really began to take off.
                       v
           y
                                                 l
                                                                              .
                                                                o
                                                  l
                         e

                         e
                                                       e
                            s
                                 o
                                                  y
                                 o
       d
                                                          a
                                c
                                c
                                       e
                                      e
      o
                                   n
                                                           a
                                                                            f
                                                                            f
                                   n
                                                             n
                                     c
       d
                                                            n
                                     c
                             e
                                        p
                                        p
                              e

                            s
                                                               t
         a
                                                               t
                                                        g

         a
                                                                          o
                                                   y

                                                                          o
                                                         g
     o

                                                                             f
                       v
              s
                     t
                                                                       e
                                                                    a
                     t
                                                     b
                   u

                                             e
                                                                   t

                                                                   t
                m
                                            r
                    l
                     l
                                                     b
    t t
                                                                      k
                m
                                            r
    today's multiverse concept really began to take off.                      .
                                                                      k
             '


                      i
                                                                    a



                       i
                                               a
                                             e
                                                 l
             '
                  u
                                                                        e
                                               a
              s
                                             r
                                                                     n
                                                                               r
                                     e
        c
                                                                e
                 g
                                                              s
                              m
                                 o
                                                    o
             d
                                                        o
         o
    A A c c o r d i i n g     t t o     t t h a t t     m o d e l l , ,     a     f f r a c t t i i o n     o f f     a     s e c o n d     a f f t t e r
                                                                       d
                                                                   o
     According to that model, a fraction of a second after
           r
                                                                 c
                                                                         a
                     o
                                              a
                                                            a
                                   d
                         h
                                         a
                                                c
               n
                                                                             e
                           a
                                                     n
       c
    According to that model, a fraction of a second after
     the Big Bang, the universe went through a phase of
                                                          u
                                                n
                              u
                                                      r
                                n
                                                           g
                                                                          e
                                                                     h
      h
    t t h e     B i i g     B a n g , ,     t t h e     u n i i v e r s e     w e n t t     t t h r o u g h     a     p h a s e     o f f
                                    e
                 a
                                                                        s
                                                             h
                                           w
                                                    h
                                       s
                                                                            o
                     g
                                              e
                          h
                                                                      a
                                   v
                                                                a
             g
          B
                                                        o
                                         e
                            e
               B
                                      r
                   n
    the Big Bang, the universe went through a phase of
                                                                   p
       e
                                                             "
                                                                      c
                                      s
                                                   w
                                p
      x
                                              k
               e
                                                          s
                                  a
                                    n
                                                         a
                                                 o
                     a
                                               n
     extremely rapid expansion, known as "cosmic
         r
    e e x t t r e m e l l y     r a p i i d     e x p a n s i i o n , ,     k n o w n     a s     " c o s m i i c
                                                               o
           e
                          d
                    r
                                        o
                             e
                                                                   m
                                                      n
                                          n
                                                                 s
                       p
                  y
                                                              c
            m
                              x
    extremely rapid expansion, known as "cosmic
                                    o
                                                        s
                                           i
                                         g
                                    o
                                                      r

                                                      r
                                                 a
                                           i
                                           s


                                                                            t
                                                         u
                                                   t
                                      l
                                                                            t
                                             t
                                       o
                                                    e
                                       o
                                      l
     n
                                                         u
                                                 a
                                                   t
    inflation." A few cosmologists later suggested that
                                            s
                                              s
                                         g
                                             t
                                              s
                                                    e
                                                        s
    i i inflation." A few cosmologists later suggested that
     n
                                                           g
                                                                         h
                        e
                                                                        h
                                                                 s
                         w
           t
            i
                      f

                       e
                       f
                                                                  t
                             c
                                                               e
                                                               e
                              o
                              o
                             c
           t
                                                                s
                          w


                                                l
                 "
                                                                     d

                                                                       t
                  "
             o
              n

               n
                                                                     d
                 .
                .
                                                                        t
                                                                   e
                    A
                                                                  t

            i


                                                l
             o
                                                                   e
                   A
                                s
       f
                                                                           a
                                                                          a
                                                             g
        l
         a

        l
                                  m
       f
         a
                                s
                                                           g
                                 m
                                                             g
                                                            t
                 c
                                                  v
                                                       t
           t
                                             e
             o
                                           g
                       d
                   o
                                                                    h
                     u
       f
                                             l
                                 e
                                                     n
    i i inflation could not be a single event but might be an
                                                                        b

                                                                            a
                                                                              n
                      l

            i
                                                                  g


                                    a

                                                   e
                                                                         e
                            o
     n
                                                e
               n
         a
                                                         b
                              t
                                        i
                                                              m
                                                                      t
                                b
                                       s




                                                           u
                                                                 i
                          n
                                         n

        l
                                                     n
                                                                    h
                                                                       b
                 c
                                    a

                                                   e

                                             e

       f
                  o
              n

                                                                     t
                                                            t
                                                                             n
                          n

                                                                         e
                                                                 i
                                      s
                                                       t
           t

                           o
     n
                             t

                                        i
                                                        b
                                        n
                               b
                                                              m
         a
                                                          u
                    u
                                                                            a
                                                e

                                            l
    inflation could not be a single event but might be an
             o
                                 e
        l
                       d
                                                                  g
                                          g

                                                 v
                      l
            i

                                                 a
                                                  a


                                                                     "
                                                                      b
                                                                     "
                                                                 o

                                                                 o
                                                                   f
                                                                   f
                                                                      b
                                                                              l
                                                                            b
                                                                              l
                                                                               e
                                                                              e
                                                                        u
                                                                        u
                                                                          b
                                                                            b
                                                                          b
                                                       n
                                                      i
                                                       n
                                                         f
                                                         f
                                                    n
                                                   n

                                                      i

                                                          i
                                                              t
                                                             t
                                                              y

                                                               y
                                                           n
                                                          i
                                                           n
                                                             i
                                                            i
                                i
                                i
                              g
                                v
                                   i
                                  i
                                 v
                            ,
                           s
                           s
                            ,
                              g


                                   n
                                          s
                                         i
                                         i
                                          s

                                            e
                                           e
                                     g
                                     g
                                   n

                                        r
                                        r

            n
            i
            i
             n

               g
              g
     ongoing process, giving rise to an infinity of "bubble
      n
      n
        g
          o
          o
        g

                        e
                       c
                      c
                        e
                          s
                         s
    ongoing process, giving rise to an infinity of "bubble
                   r
                 p
                 p
                   r
    o o
                     o
                    o

                                               o


                                               o
                                              t
                                              t
                   "
                 s
           e
    u u n i i v e r s e s . . "
               e
             r
         v
              s
     universes."
      n
    universes."
                                        2. Types of Multiverse Models
                                        2. Types of Multiverse Models
                                                          e
                                                                  s
                                                                  s
                                                                                                     s
                                                                                     c
                                                                                                                 l
                                                                                   i
                                                                    e
                                                  ,
                                                         r
                                                                                            u
                                                                                   i
                                                                                                       e
                                                                                                      e
                                                          e
                                                                                    n
                                                                   e
                                                                                    n
                                                              r
                                                  ,
                                                                                         m

                                                                                         m
                                                                                                v
                                                                e

                                                                                                                 l
                                                            a
                                                               r
                                                                                               i
                                                             a

                                                                e
                                               e
                                                                                                v
                                                                                      c
                                                                                                   r

                                                                                                    r

                                                                                                     s
                                                                                           u
                                                                                       t
                                                                                                  e
                                                                                               i


                                                                                       t

                                                                                                  e
                                                                                                            o
                                                                                                           o
                                                                          a
                                                                                              l
                                                                                                                e
                                                                                                                  s
                                           d
                                                                                             l
                                                                               i
                                                                                i
                                                                         r
                                                                          a
                                           d
                                                                         r
                                                                                                              d

                                                                            l
                                                                             d

                                             e
                                                    t
                                                                            l
                                                                              d
                                                     h
                                                                                              t
                                                                                                             d
                                                     h
                                             e
                                                                                                         m
                                        I
                                                                                  t
                                        Indeed, there are several distinct multiverse models,,
                                        I
                                                                                                                  s

                                        Indeed, there are several distinct multiverse models,,

                                                d
                                                                                  t
                                                d
                                                                     v
                                                        r
                                                                                                               e
                                                                     v
                                                                                                         m
                                         n
                                              e
                                                                       e
                                                       e
                                                                                s
                                                                                              t
                                         n
                                                                       e
                                                       e
                                                    t
                                                                                 s
                                                   m
                                                                                             a
                                                                                           s
                                                                                                                g
                                                              e
                                                                                                                  y
                                                 o
                                                                                  p
                                                                       a
                                                                              o
                                                                            a
                                                                         r
                                                                          e
                                                                                        s
                                                                                      y
                                                                                          c
                                                                r
                                                                   n
                                                r
                                                                 e
                                                                                    h
                                                                                                              o
                                                                                                     o
                                                                                                       s
                                       each from a different area of physics and cosmology..
                                       e
                                                         d
                                           c
                                       e a c h     f f r o m     a     d i i f f f f e r e n t t     a r e a     o f f     p h y s i i c s     a n d     c o s m o l l o g y
                                       each from a different area of physics and cosmology..
                                                                                               n
                                                                                                    c
                                                                                                 d
                                         a
                                                                                                        m
                                            h
                                                                                                           o
                                                       a
                                                                                                                 o
                                                          v
                                                                                                             a
                                                                                                   n
                                                                                      n
                                                                  u
                                                                                                           n
                                                   h
                                                                          d
                                                                      m
                                                                         o
                                                                                                        c
                                                                                 p
                                                                                                               r
                                                                                                         e
                                                        e
                                                                    s
                                                 These various models paint different scenarioss
                                                                               s
                                                 T h e s e     v a r i i o u s     m o d e l l s     p a i i n t t     d i i f f f f e r e n t t     s c e n a r i i o
                                                      s
                                                                                                       s
                                                                                   a
                                                                o
                                                                                         d
                                                                                                r
                                                     e
                                                                                              e
                                                              r
                                                 These various models paint different scenarioss
                                                 T
                                                                                                 e
                                                                            e
                                                            a
                                                                                     r
                                                     e
                                                            g
                                                                                                              x
                                              concerning the many universes that would exist::
                                                                                          s
                                                                         n
                                                        n
                                                                  e
                                                                    m
                                                                                             h
                                                                                    e
                                                 n
                                              c o n c e r n i i n g     t t h e     m a n y     u n i i v e r s e s     t t h a t t     w o u l l d     e x i i s t t
                                                                                               a
                                              c
                                                                             u
                                                                                                          d
                                                                                                     o
                                                                                       s
                                                      r
                                                                                                                 s
                                                                               n
                                              concerning the many universes that would exist::
                                                                                                   w
                                                                                        e
                                                                h
                                                   c
                                               o
                                                                                                             e
                                                                           y
                                                                                                       u
                                                                       a
                                                          n
                                                                                  v
    2.1. Bubble Universe
    2.1. Bubble Universe
        (Eternal Inflation)
       (Eternal Inflation)
                   n
               u
                                                                      a
            e
                                 h
                                                                               e
                                       y
                                                e
                 e
     Consequently, the theory of eternal inflation assumes
          s
                                              e
                                                                         s
    Consequently, the theory of eternal inflation assumes
                                                     a
                       y
                                                                        s
        n
                                                                            m
                                                                          u
                                    o
                                          o
                                                   n
       o
             q
                                                                 o
                           h
                                  e
    C C o n s e q u e n t t l l y , ,     t t h e     t t h e o r y     o f f     e t t e r n a l l     i i n f f l l a t t i i o n     a s s u m e s
                                                          n
                             e
                                                                   n
                                                                                 s
                                                  r
                                      r
                                                             a
           i
            n
                                                                       u
                                                                        u
                                                                             i
                                                      n
           i
                                                       n
            n
                                           d
                                                 t
                                                                           s
                                           d
    t t
      h

                                                                              n

                                                     o
                                                                           s
       a
       a
                                                                          r
                                                                             i
     h

     that inflation never stopped but constantly occurs in the

                                                    o
                                                                              n

         t
         t
    that inflation never stopped but constantly occurs in the

                                                                         r


                                               u



                                 s
                             e
                                                           a
                        n
                                              b
                     n
                             e
                                                          t
                                                             n

                                      p
                                     p

                      n
                        n
                                                                l
                            v
                                                                l
                           v
                                                               t
                                                             n
                                 s
                                                   c
                                                              t
                                  t
                                                                 y
                                                                y
                                    o
                                                           a
                          e
                                                   c
                                   t
                                   o
                          e
               l

                                                                      c
                               r
               l
                                                                                 h
               a
                                                        s
                               r
                                                  t
                                         e
                                                                                t

                                             b
                                         e
                                                                      c
              f
              f
                                                                                 t
                a

                                                                   o
                                                u
                                                                                   e
                   o
                                                                                    e
                                                                   o
                                                          t
                    o
                   i
                                                         s
                                                                                  h
                                        p
                                                                     c
                                                                     c
                  t
                   i
                 t
                                       p
                                                                                 f
                                                                               o
                                                                               o
                                                                                 f
    large areas of space. In this enormous cosmic foam of

    l l large areas of space. In this enormous cosmic foam of


                                                                 m

                                                                 m
                                          i
                        f
                           p
                           p
                                                                s
                         s
                          s
                                                       o
                                           s
                                    n

                                     n
                    s
                    s
                                           s
                        f
                                                      o

                      o
                      o
                                                               s
                                                         u
                                                            c
                                       t
                                                             c
                                  .
                                  .

                                   I
                                    I



                               c
                               c
                                        h
                                          i
                             a
                             a
                                e
                                e
                                        h
                                                        u
                                                              o
                                                              o
                                                                          a
                                                          s
                                                                         a
        g
                                               n
         g
                                                    m
                                                                        o

          e
           e
                                              n

                                                o

                                                 o
     a
     a
       r
                                                                           m
                                                   r
                                                  r
                                                                            m
       r
                                                                        o
                e

                                                                     c
                                                          s
                                             e
                e
                  a
                                                                    i
                                                                    i

                                                                    c
                  a

                                                    m
             a
                                             e

             a
                                                                       f
               r

               r
                                                                       f
                                       t
                                                         s
                                                   r
                                                    s
                                                 e
                                                v
                                                      e
                                         e
                                             n
                                           u
                                                                       "
             r
           e
                                                                         b
               e
                                                                     e
              s
                                                                                 e
      n
    universes, our observable universe is just one "bubble."
     universes, our observable universe is just one "bubble."
                                                                            b
                                                                              b
         v
    u u n i i v e r s e s , ,     o u r     o b s e r v a b l l e     u n i i v e r s e     i i s     j j u s t t     o n e     " b u b b l l e . . "
                                                                           u
                 s
                                                              s
                                 r
                              s
                               e
                                    a
                                      b
                                  v
                                                            u
                                                                                    "
                      u
                                                                   n
                    o
                          o
                            b
                                                                 o
                        r
   37   38   39   40   41   42   43   44   45   46   47